* 本篇文章已授权微信公众号 guolin_blog(郭霖)独家发布
一、本文需要解决的问题
我研究EventBus源码的目的是解决以下几个我在使用过程中所思考的问题:
- 这个框架涉及到一种设计模式叫做观察者模式,什么是观察者模式?
- 事件如何进行定义,有没有相关限制?
- 观察者绑定观察事件的时候,绑定方法的命名有限制吗?
- 事件发送和接收的原理?
二、初步使用
为了研究源码的方便,我写了一个简单的demo。
定义事件
TestEvent.java:1
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11public class TestEvent {
private String msg;
public String getMsg() {
return msg;
}
public void setMsg(String msg) {
this.msg = msg;
}
}
主Activity
MainActivity.java:1
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36public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private Button button;
private TextView textView;
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
button = findViewById(R.id.button);
textView = findViewById(R.id.text);
EventBus.getDefault().register(this);
button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(View view) {
TestEvent event = new TestEvent();
event.setMsg("已接收到事件!");
EventBus.getDefault().post(event);
}
});
}
(threadMode = ThreadMode.MAIN)
public void onTestEvent(TestEvent event) {
textView.setText(event.getMsg());
}
protected void onDestroy() {
EventBus.getDefault().unregister(this);
super.onDestroy();
}
}
运行效果
三、源码分析
关于观察者模式
- 简介:观察者模式是设计模式中的一种。它是为了定义对象间的一种一对多的依赖关系,即当一个对象的状态发生改变时,所有依赖于它的对象都得到通知并被自动更新。
- 如何使用:这里传送门有相关的demo,这里不再详述。
- 重点:在这个模式中主要包含两个重要的角色:发布者和订阅者(又称观察者)。对应EventBus来说,发布者即发送消息的一方(即调用EventBus.getDefault().post(event)的一方),订阅者即接收消息的一方(即调用EventBus.getDefault().register()的一方)。
我们已经解决了第一个问题~
关于事件
这里指的事件其实是一个泛泛的统称,指的是一个概念上的东西(当时我还以为一定要以啥Event命名…),通过查阅官方文档,我知道事件的命名格式并没有任何要求,你可以定义一个对象作为事件,也可以发送基本数据类型如int,String等作为一个事件。后续的源码分析我也会再次证明一下。
具体分析
从函数入口开始分析:
1.EventBus#getDefault():1
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10public static EventBus getDefault() {
if (defaultInstance == null) {
synchronized (EventBus.class) {
if (defaultInstance == null) {
defaultInstance = new EventBus();
}
}
}
return defaultInstance;
}
这里就是采用双重校验并加锁的单例模式生成EventBus实例。1
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9public void register(Object subscriber) {
Class<?> subscriberClass = subscriber.getClass();
List<SubscriberMethod> subscriberMethods = subscriberMethodFinder.findSubscriberMethods(subscriberClass);
synchronized (this) {
for (SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod : subscriberMethods) {
subscribe(subscriber, subscriberMethod);
}
}
}
由于我们传入的为this,即MainActivity的实例,所以第一行代码获取了订阅者的class对象,然后会找出所有订阅的方法。我们看一下第二行的逻辑。
SubscriberMethodFinder#findSubscriberMethods():1
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17List<SubscriberMethod> findSubscriberMethods(Class<?> subscriberClass) {
List<SubscriberMethod> subscriberMethods = METHOD_CACHE.get(subscriberClass);
if (subscriberMethods != null) {
return subscriberMethods;
}
if (ignoreGeneratedIndex) {
subscriberMethods = findUsingReflection(subscriberClass);
} else {
subscriberMethods = findUsingInfo(subscriberClass);
}
if (subscriberMethods.isEmpty()) {
throw new EventBusException("Subscriber " + subscriberClass + " and its super classes have no public methods with the @Subscribe annotation");
} else {
METHOD_CACHE.put(subscriberClass, subscriberMethods);
return subscriberMethods;
}
}
分析:
- 如果缓存中有对应class的订阅方法列表,则直接返回,这里我们是第一次创建,所以此时subscriberMethods为空;
- 接下来会有一个参数判断,通过查看前面的创建过程,ignoreGeneratedIndex默认为false,进入else代码块,后面生成subscriberMethods成功的话会加入到缓存中,失败的话会throw异常。
2.SubscriberMethodFinder#findUsingInfo():1
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23private List<SubscriberMethod> findUsingInfo(Class<?> subscriberClass) {
// 2.1
FindState findState = prepareFindState();
findState.initForSubscriber(subscriberClass);
// 2.2
while (findState.clazz != null) {
findState.subscriberInfo = getSubscriberInfo(findState);
if (findState.subscriberInfo != null) {
SubscriberMethod[] array = findState.subscriberInfo.getSubscriberMethods();
for (SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod: array) {
if (findState.checkAdd(subscriberMethod.method, subscriberMethod.eventType)) {
findState.subscriberMethods.add(subscriberMethod);
}
}
} else {
// 2.3
findUsingReflectionInSingleClass(findState);
}
findState.moveToSuperclass();
}
// 2.4
return getMethodsAndRelease(findState);
}
2.1 SubscriberMethodFinder#prepareFindState():1
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14private static final FindState[] FIND_STATE_POOL = new FindState[POOL_SIZE];
private FindState prepareFindState() {
synchronized(FIND_STATE_POOL) {
for (int i = 0; i < POOL_SIZE; i++) {
FindState state = FIND_STATE_POOL[i];
if (state != null) {
FIND_STATE_POOL[i] = null;
return state;
}
}
}
return new FindState();
}
这个方法是创建一个新的FindState类,通过两种方法获取,一种是从FIND_STATE_POOL即FindState池中取出可用的FindState,如果没有的话,则通过第二种方式:直接new一个新的FindState对象。
FindState#initForSubscriber():1
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9static class FindState {
// 省略代码
void initForSubscriber(Class<?> subscriberClass) {
this.subscriberClass = clazz = subscriberClass;
skipSuperClasses = false;
subscriberInfo = null;
}
// 省略代码
}
FindState类是SubscriberMethodFinder的内部类,这个方法主要做一个初始化的工作。
2.2 SubscriberMethodFinder#getSubscriberInfo():1
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17private SubscriberInfo getSubscriberInfo(FindState findState) {
if (findState.subscriberInfo != null && findState.subscriberInfo.getSuperSubscriberInfo() != null) {
SubscriberInfo superclassInfo = findState.subscriberInfo.getSuperSubscriberInfo();
if (findState.clazz == superclassInfo.getSubscriberClass()) {
return superclassInfo;
}
}
if (subscriberInfoIndexes != null) {
for (SubscriberInfoIndex index: subscriberInfoIndexes) {
SubscriberInfo info = index.getSubscriberInfo(findState.clazz);
if (info != null) {
return info;
}
}
}
return null;
}
这里由于初始化的时候,findState.subscriberInfo和subscriberInfoIndexes为空,所以这里直接返回null,后续我们可以再回到这里看看subscriberInfo有什么作用。
2.3 SubscriberMethodFinder#findUsingReflectionInSingleClass():1
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34private void findUsingReflectionInSingleClass(FindState findState) {
Method[] methods;
try {
// This is faster than getMethods, especially when subscribers are fat classes like Activities
methods = findState.clazz.getDeclaredMethods();
} catch (Throwable th) {
// Workaround for java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError, see https://github.com/greenrobot/EventBus/issues/149
methods = findState.clazz.getMethods();
findState.skipSuperClasses = true;
}
for (Method method: methods) {
int modifiers = method.getModifiers();
if ((modifiers & Modifier.PUBLIC) != 0 && (modifiers & MODIFIERS_IGNORE) == 0) {
Class<?> [] parameterTypes = method.getParameterTypes();
if (parameterTypes.length == 1) {
Subscribe subscribeAnnotation = method.getAnnotation(Subscribe.class);
if (subscribeAnnotation != null) {
// !!!
Class<?> eventType = parameterTypes[0];
if (findState.checkAdd(method, eventType)) {
ThreadMode threadMode = subscribeAnnotation.threadMode();
findState.subscriberMethods.add(new SubscriberMethod(method, eventType, threadMode, subscribeAnnotation.priority(), subscribeAnnotation.sticky()));
}
}
} else if (strictMethodVerification && method.isAnnotationPresent(Subscribe.class)) {
String methodName = method.getDeclaringClass().getName() + "." + method.getName();
throw new EventBusException("@Subscribe method " + methodName + "must have exactly 1 parameter but has " + parameterTypes.length);
}
} else if (strictMethodVerification && method.isAnnotationPresent(Subscribe.class)) {
String methodName = method.getDeclaringClass().getName() + "." + method.getName();
throw new EventBusException(methodName + " is a illegal @Subscribe method: must be public, non-static, and non-abstract");
}
}
}
这个方法的逻辑是:
通过反射的方式获取订阅者类中的所有声明方法,然后在这些方法里面寻找以@Subscribe作为注解的方法进行处理(!!!部分的代码),先经过一轮检查,看看findState.subscriberMethods是否存在,如果没有的话,将方法名,threadMode,优先级,是否为sticky方法封装为SubscriberMethod对象,添加到subscriberMethods列表中。
什么是sticky event?
sticky event,中文名为粘性事件。普通事件是先注册,然后发送事件才能收到;而粘性事件,在发送事件之后再订阅该事件也能收到。此外,粘性事件会保存在内存中,每次进入都会去内存中查找获取最新的粘性事件,除非你手动解除注册。
在这里我们解决了第二个和第三个问题,方法的命名并没有任何要求,只是加上@Subscribe注解即可!同时事件的命名也没有任何要求!
之后这个while循环会继续检查父类,当然遇到系统相关的类时会自动跳过,以提升性能。
2.4 SubscriberMethodFinder#getMethodsAndRelease1
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13private List<SubscriberMethod> getMethodsAndRelease(FindState findState) {
List<SubscriberMethod> subscriberMethods = new ArrayList<>(findState.subscriberMethods);
findState.recycle();
synchronized(FIND_STATE_POOL) {
for (int i = 0; i < POOL_SIZE; i++) {
if (FIND_STATE_POOL[i] == null) {
FIND_STATE_POOL[i] = findState;
break;
}
}
}
return subscriberMethods;
}
这里将subscriberMethods列表直接返回,同时会把findState做相应处理,存储在FindState池中,方便下一次使用,提高性能。
- EventBus#subscribe():
返回subscriberMethods之后,register方法的最后会调用subscribe方法:1
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55public void register(Object subscriber) {
Class<?> subscriberClass = subscriber.getClass();
List<SubscriberMethod> subscriberMethods = subscriberMethodFinder.findSubscriberMethods(subscriberClass);
synchronized (this) {
for (SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod : subscriberMethods) {
subscribe(subscriber, subscriberMethod);
}
}
}
private void subscribe(Object subscriber, SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod) {
Class<?> eventType = subscriberMethod.eventType;
Subscription newSubscription = new Subscription(subscriber, subscriberMethod);
CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription> subscriptions = subscriptionsByEventType.get(eventType);
if (subscriptions == null) {
subscriptions = new CopyOnWriteArrayList <> ();
subscriptionsByEventType.put(eventType, subscriptions);
} else {
if (subscriptions.contains(newSubscription)) {
throw new EventBusException("Subscriber " + subscriber.getClass() + " already registered to event " + eventType);
}
}
int size = subscriptions.size();
for (int i = 0; i <= size; i++) {
if (i == size || subscriberMethod.priority > subscriptions.get(i).subscriberMethod.priority) {
subscriptions.add(i, newSubscription);
break;
}
}
List<Class<?>> subscribedEvents = typesBySubscriber.get(subscriber);
if (subscribedEvents == null) {
subscribedEvents = new ArrayList<>();
typesBySubscriber.put(subscriber, subscribedEvents);
}
subscribedEvents.add(eventType);
if (subscriberMethod.sticky) {
if (eventInheritance) {
// Existing sticky events of all subclasses of eventType have to be considered.
// Note: Iterating over all events may be inefficient with lots of sticky events,
// thus data structure should be changed to allow a more efficient lookup
// (e.g. an additional map storing sub classes of super classes: Class -> List<Class>).
Set<Map.Entry<Class<?>, Object>> entries = stickyEvents.entrySet();
for (Map.Entry<Class<?>, Object> entry : entries) {
Class<?> candidateEventType = entry.getKey();
if (eventType.isAssignableFrom(candidateEventType)) {
Object stickyEvent = entry.getValue();
checkPostStickyEventToSubscription(newSubscription, stickyEvent);
}
}
} else {
Object stickyEvent = stickyEvents.get(eventType);
checkPostStickyEventToSubscription(newSubscription, stickyEvent);
}
}
}
分析:
- 首先,根据subscriberMethod.eventType(在Demo里面指的是TestEvent),在subscriptionsByEventType去查找一个CopyOnWriteArrayList
,如果没有则创建一个新的CopyOnWriteArrayList; - 然后将这个CopyOnWriteArrayList放入subscriptionsByEventType中,这里的subscriptionsByEventType是一个Map,key为eventType,value为CopyOnWriteArrayList
,这个Map非常重要,后续还会用到它; - 接下来,就是添加newSubscription,它属于Subscription类,里面包含着subscriber和subscriberMethod等信息,同时这里有一个优先级的判断,说明它是按照优先级添加的。优先级越高,会插到在当前List靠前面的位置;
- typesBySubscriber这个类也是一个Map,key为subscriber,value为subscribedEvents,即所有的eventType列表,这个类我找了一下,发现在EventBus#isRegister()方法中有用到,应该是用来判断这个Subscriber是否已被注册过。然后将当前的eventType添加到subscribedEvents中;
- 最后,判断是否是sticky。如果是sticky事件的话,到最后会调用checkPostStickyEventToSubscription()方法。
这里其实就是将所有含@Subscribe注解的订阅方法最终保存在subscriptionsByEventType中。
- EventBus#checkPostStickyEventToSubscription():
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7private void checkPostStickyEventToSubscription(Subscription newSubscription, Object stickyEvent) {
if (stickyEvent != null) {
// If the subscriber is trying to abort the event, it will fail (event is not tracked in posting state)
// --> Strange corner case, which we don't take care of here.
postToSubscription(newSubscription, stickyEvent, isMainThread());
}
}
接下来,我们重点看post()和postToSubscription()方法。post事件相当于把事件发送出去,我们看看订阅者是如何接收到事件的。
- EventBus#post():
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24/** Posts the given event to the event bus. */
public void post(Object event) {
// 5.1
PostingThreadState postingState = currentPostingThreadState.get();
List <Object> eventQueue = postingState.eventQueue;
eventQueue.add(event);
// 5.2
if (!postingState.isPosting) {
postingState.isMainThread = isMainThread();
postingState.isPosting = true;
if (postingState.canceled) {
throw new EventBusException("Internal error. Abort state was not reset");
}
try {
while (!eventQueue.isEmpty()) {
postSingleEvent(eventQueue.remove(0), postingState);
}
} finally {
postingState.isPosting = false;
postingState.isMainThread = false;
}
}
}
5.1 代码段分析
- currentPostingThreadState是一个ThreadLocal类型的,里面存储了PostingThreadState,而PostingThreadState中包含了一个eventQueue和其他一些标志位;
- 然后把传入的event,保存到了当前线程中的一个变量PostingThreadState的eventQueue中。
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16private final ThreadLocal <PostingThreadState> currentPostingThreadState = new ThreadLocal <PostingThreadState> () {
protected PostingThreadState initialValue() {
return new PostingThreadState();
}
};
/** For ThreadLocal, much faster to set (and get multiple values). */
final static class PostingThreadState {
final List <Object> eventQueue = new ArrayList<>();
boolean isPosting;
boolean isMainThread;
Subscription subscription;
Object event;
boolean canceled;
}
5.2 代码段分析
- 这里涉及到两个标志位,第一个是isMainThread,判断是否为UI线程;第二个是isPosting,作用是防止方法多次调用。
- 最后调用到postSingleEvent()方法
- EventBus#postSingleEvent():
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50private void postSingleEvent(Object event, PostingThreadState postingState) throws Error {
Class<?> eventClass = event.getClass();
boolean subscriptionFound = false;
if (eventInheritance) {
List<Class<?>> eventTypes = lookupAllEventTypes(eventClass);
int countTypes = eventTypes.size();
for (int h = 0; h < countTypes; h++) {
Class<?> clazz = eventTypes.get(h);
subscriptionFound |= postSingleEventForEventType(event, postingState, clazz);
}
} else {
subscriptionFound = postSingleEventForEventType(event, postingState, eventClass);
}
if (!subscriptionFound) {
if (logNoSubscriberMessages) {
logger.log(Level.FINE, "No subscribers registered for event " + eventClass);
}
if (sendNoSubscriberEvent && eventClass != NoSubscriberEvent.class &&
eventClass != SubscriberExceptionEvent.class) {
post(new NoSubscriberEvent(this, event));
}
}
}
private boolean postSingleEventForEventType(Object event, PostingThreadState postingState, Class <?> eventClass) {
CopyOnWriteArrayList <Subscription> subscriptions;
synchronized(this) {
subscriptions = subscriptionsByEventType.get(eventClass);
}
if (subscriptions != null && !subscriptions.isEmpty()) {
for (Subscription subscription: subscriptions) {
postingState.event = event;
postingState.subscription = subscription;
boolean aborted = false;
try {
postToSubscription(subscription, event, postingState.isMainThread);
aborted = postingState.canceled;
} finally {
postingState.event = null;
postingState.subscription = null;
postingState.canceled = false;
}
if (aborted) {
break;
}
}
return true;
}
return false;
}
- 这里会首先取出Event的class类型,然后有一个标志位eventInheritance判断,默认为true,作用在相关代码注释有说,如果设为true的话,它会拿到Event父类的class类型,设为false,可以在一定程度上提高性能;
- 接下来是lookupAllEventTypes()方法,就是取出Event及其父类和接口的class列表,当然重复取的话会影响性能,所以它也有做一个eventTypesCache的缓存,这样不用都重复调用getClass()方法。
- 然后是postSingleEventForEventType()方法,这里就很清晰了,就是直接根据Event类型从subscriptionsByEventType中取出对应的subscriptions,与之前的代码对应,最后调用postToSubscription()方法。
- EventBus#postToSubscription():
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34private void postToSubscription(Subscription subscription, Object event, boolean isMainThread) {
switch (subscription.subscriberMethod.threadMode) {
case POSTING:
invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
break;
case MAIN:
if (isMainThread) {
invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
} else {
mainThreadPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
}
break;
case MAIN_ORDERED:
if (mainThreadPoster != null) {
mainThreadPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
} else {
// temporary: technically not correct as poster not decoupled from subscriber
invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
}
break;
case BACKGROUND:
if (isMainThread) {
backgroundPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
} else {
invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
}
break;
case ASYNC:
asyncPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
break;
default:
throw new IllegalStateException("Unknown thread mode: " + subscription.subscriberMethod.threadMode);
}
}
这里会根据threadMode来判断应该在哪个线程中去执行方法:
- POSTING:执行invokeSubscriber()方法,就是直接反射调用;
- MAIN:首先去判断当前是否在UI线程,如果是的话则直接反射调用,否则调用mainThreadPoster#enqueue(),即把当前的方法加入到队列之中,然后通过handler去发送一个消息,在handler的handleMessage中去执行方法。具体逻辑在HandlerPoster.java中;
- MAIN_ORDERED:与上面逻辑类似,顺序执行我们的方法;
- BACKGROUND:判断当前是否在UI线程,如果不是的话直接反射调用,是的话通过backgroundPoster.enqueue()将方法加入到后台的一个队列,最后通过线程池去执行;
- ASYNC:与BACKGROUND的逻辑类似,将任务加入到后台的一个队列,最终由Eventbus中的一个线程池去调用,这里的线程池与BACKGROUND逻辑中的线程池用的是同一个。
补充:BACKGROUND和ASYNC有什么区别呢?
BACKGROUND中的任务是一个接着一个的去调用,而ASYNC则会即时异步运行,具体的可以对比AsyncPoster.java和BackgroundPoster.java两者代码实现的区别。
到这里,我们就解决了第四个问题,事件的发送和接收,主要是通过subscriptionsByEventType这个非常重要的列表,我们将订阅即接收事件的方法存储在这个列表,发布事件的时候在列表中查询出相对应的方法并执行~